Promotion of flowering in Eucalyptus nitens by paclobutrazol was enhanced by nitrogen fertilizer

نویسندگان

  • Dean R. Williams
  • Brad M. Potts
  • Philip J. Smethurst
چکیده

We examined the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and paclobutrazol on flowering precocity and abundance in Eucalyptus nitens Deane & Maid. Trials to test these effects consisted of a factorial nitrogen by phosphorus experiment replicated on two sites and factorial nitrogen by paclobutrazol experiments conducted separately on reproductively immature and reproductively mature trees. The increase in tree size due to nitrogen fertilization increased the occurrence and abundance of precocious flower buds. However, the increase in tree size alone could not account for the nitrogen effect on flowering, indicating a secondary mechanism of flower induction by nitrogen. The application of both nitrogen fertilizer and paclobutrazol substantially increased the occurrence of precociously flowering trees over that of either treatment applied alone. The efficacy of both paclobutrazol and nitrogen in stimulating the flowering of the reproductively mature trees was affected by soil type, but this effect was overcome through the combination of nitrogen and paclobutrazol. The combination of nitrogen and paclobutrazol also restricted tree growth and combined applications on nitrogen deficient sites will be beneficial in commercial systems for producing eucalypt seed. Résumé : Nous avons étudié les effets d’un fertilisant contenant de l’azote et du phosphore et du paclobutrazol sur l’abondance et la précocité de la floraison chez Eucalyptus nitens Deane & Maiden. Ces effets ont été testés à l’aide d’un dispositif factoriel avec l’azote et le phosphore répété dans deux sites et d’autres essais factoriels avec l’azote et le paclobutrazol établis séparément sur des arbres immatures incapables de se reproduire et sur des arbres matures capables de se reproduire. La dimension accrue des arbres due à la fertilisation azotée a augmenté la fréquence et l’abondance des bourgeons floraux précoces. Cependant, l’augmentation de la dimension des arbres ne peut à elle seule expliquer l’effet de l’azote sur la floraison, laissant supposer l’existence d’un mécanisme secondaire d’induction de la floraison par l’azote. L’application combinée d’un fertilisant azotée et du paclobutrazol a nettement augmenté la fréquence des arbres à floraison précoce comparativement à l’un ou l’autre des traitements appliqués seuls. L’efficacité du paclobutrazol et de l’azote à stimuler la floraison des arbres matures capables de se reproduire était influencée par le type de sol mais cet effet était surmonté par la combinaison de l’azote et du paclobutrazol. La combinaison de l’azote et du paclobutrazol limitait également la croissance des arbres et des applications combinées dans des sites déficients en azote seront bénéfiques dans les systèmes commerciaux de production de graines d’eucalyptus. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Williams et al. 81

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تاریخ انتشار 2002